Articles | Volume 27, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-27-429-2020
https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-27-429-2020
Review article
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17 Sep 2020
Review article | Highlight paper |  | 17 Sep 2020

Review article: Hilbert problems for the climate sciences in the 21st century – 20 years later

Michael Ghil

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Short summary
The scientific questions posed by the climate sciences are central to socioeconomic concerns today. This paper revisits several crucial questions, starting with What can we predict beyond 1 week, for how long, and by what methods?, and ending with Can we achieve enlightened climate control of our planet by the end of the century? We review the progress in dealing with the nonlinearity and stochasticity of the Earth system and emphasize major strides in coupled climate–economy modeling.