The author’s endeavor to apply Hamiltonian mechanics to atmospheric prediction, through minimizing the action over a set of irregularly spaced discrete points and introducing a new dynamic core, represents a noteworthy attempt to leverage Hamiltonian mechanics in the realm of atmospheric forecasting. While this approach offers an innovative perspective, the manuscript falls short in addressing critical concerns associated with applying such mechanics to atmospheric predictions. These concerns include the highly nonlinear and complex nature of atmospheric dynamics, the presence of dissipative processes, and the challenges related to computational efficiency. Without a thorough examination and resolution of these issues, it remains premature for researchers to invest in the development of new prediction systems based on this approach. The reviewer suggests a comparison with the conservative approach based on the Nambu bracket, as detailed in Salmon (2007, DOI: 10.1175/JAS3837.1), to highlight potential advantages of the proposed algorithm. Addressing these challenges and advantages comprehensively could significantly strengthen the manuscript, making it suitable for further review.

The paper considers the derivation of a dynamical core from a variational principle. In contrast to most related work that used discrete variational principles, the proposed approach works with the continuous variational principle and uses a Lagrangian that depends on a finite number of spatial degrees of freedom (in fact, it works with the Hamiltonian, identified with the Lagrangian via the Legendre transform).

Major comments:

- l. 48 ff: The work by Gawlik and Gay-Balmaz (2021) is the closest in the literature that I am aware. Please discuss the relationship in more detail. It is stated that non-canonical variations can be avoided in the present manuscript because time is kept continuous. That's is not true--even in the fully continuous setting one has a non-canonical system. And also in the fully discrete case the system remains non-canonical. The work by Gawlik and Gay-Balmaz is considerably more complex because of the non-canonical nature of the system. It would be important to clarify why the present work does not need the setting.

- The paper seems to reinvent semi-Lagrangian advection; at least the method is described starting on p. 8 in much detail without mentioning the name or relating it to the large existing literature. However, it is a standard method for decades.

- The paper uses non-standard and confusing nomenclature in various places. For example, "forward operator" is used for interpolation; while I see the connection to the forward operations used in data assimilation for observations, to call it interpolation seems clearer. A second example is "a discrete set of parameters" on p. 2. This refers to the degrees of freedom induced by the spatial discretization, which is a standard mesh. It would be better, to be direct and explicit here so that the reader knows from the outset what is meant.

- p. 2: "the best approximation (in a broad sense) of the dynamic[s] of a continuous atmosphere" The proposed approach has merits but "best" can be measured in many ways; optimal approximation rates is, e.g., the most standard one in numerical analysis. Please qualify the statement, e.g. best because one obtains conservation properties and laws, or remove.

- The numerical results are insufficient, in my opinion, both in terms of the number of numerical experiments and the analysis that are presented. E.g., one could repeat one of the experiments from Gawlik and Gay-Balmaz (the code is online, if I remember correctly)

- l. 186 - 189: Here, conservation properties are discussed, which are typically one of the reasons for a geometric approach. But the formulation is vague and it's not clear what properties hold for the presented method.

l. 274: Adaptivity is a problem on its own. I think it should be removed from the present manuscript and then in detail be presented in a second paper.

l. 287: "For historical reasons" -> cite or clarify

l. 333-334 : "conservation of energy wasn't checked" : the standard reason for a geometric approach are (discrete) conservation properties. Please include an example without heating that shows this.

l. 358 : Very unclear to me why observation data (brightness temperatures...) would be needed here?