Articles | Volume 24, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-77-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-77-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Scale and space dependencies of soil nitrogen variability
CEIGRAM, Ciudad Universitaria sn, Technical
University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
Dpto. Matemática Aplicada, E.T.S.I. A.A.B., Technical University
of Madrid, Spain
María Teresa Castellanos
Dpto. Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, E.T.S.I. A.A.B,
Technical University of Madrid, Spain
Maria Carmen Cartagena
Dpto. Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, E.T.S.I. A.A.B,
Technical University of Madrid, Spain
Augusto Arce
Dpto. Química y Tecnología de Alimentos, E.T.S.I. A.A.B,
Technical University of Madrid, Spain
Francisco Ribas
Centro de Investigación Agroambiental El Chaparrillo, Inst.
Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroforestal (IRIAF), Ciudad Real, Spain
María Jesús Cabello
Centro de Investigación Agroambiental El Chaparrillo, Inst.
Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroforestal (IRIAF), Ciudad Real, Spain
Juan López de Herrera
CEIGRAM, Ciudad Universitaria sn, Technical
University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
Nigel R. A. Bird
CEIGRAM, Ciudad Universitaria sn, Technical
University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
Related authors
Paolo Nasta, Günter Blöschl, Heye R. Bogena, Steffen Zacharias, Roland Baatz, Gabriëlle De Lannoy, Karsten H. Jensen, Salvatore Manfreda, Laurent Pfister, Ana M. Tarquis, Ilja van Meerveld, Marc Voltz, Yijian Zeng, William Kustas, Xin Li, Harry Vereecken, and Nunzio Romano
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1678, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1678, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Unsolved Problems in Hydrology (UPH) initiative has emphasized the need to establish networks of multi-decadal hydrological observatories to tackle catchment-scale challenges on a global scale. This opinion paper provocatively discusses two end members of possible future hydrological observatory (HO) networks for a given hypothesized community budget: a comprehensive set of moderately instrumented observatories or, alternatively, a small number of highly instrumented super-sites.
Juan J. Martin-Sotoca, Ernesto Sanz, Antonio Saa-Requejo, Rubén Moratiel, Andrés F. Almeida-Ñauñay, and Ana M. Tarquis
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-145, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-145, 2023
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
This work includes vegetation (VCI) and water content index (WCI) series from two semiarid rangeland areas in Spain. Based on then, a Z-score for both was calculated to use it as an anomaly index. In this way, we associated negative anomalies with drought episodes. Then, we study the relations of these negative anomalies to see if it is possible to use WCI as an alarm of agronomic drought (VCI negative anomaly). The description of the behaviour of both areas and their comparison are made.
Jonathan Rizzi, Ana M. Tarquis, Anne Gobin, Mikhail Semenov, Wenwu Zhao, and Paolo Tarolli
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3873–3877, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3873-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3873-2021, 2021
Panagiotis T. Nastos, Nicolas R. Dalezios, Ioannis N. Faraslis, Kostas Mitrakopoulos, Anna Blanta, Marios Spiliotopoulos, Stavros Sakellariou, Pantelis Sidiropoulos, and Ana M. Tarquis
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1935–1954, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1935-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1935-2021, 2021
Short summary
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Risk assessment consists of three steps: identification, estimation and evaluation. Nevertheless, the risk management framework also includes a fourth step, the need for feedback on all the risk assessment undertakings. However, there is a lack of such feedback, which constitutes a serious deficiency in the reduction of environmental hazards at the present time. The objective of this review paper consists of addressing meteorological hazards and extremes within the risk management framework.
Rubén Moratiel, Raquel Bravo, Antonio Saa, Ana M. Tarquis, and Javier Almorox
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 859–875, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-859-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-859-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The estimation of ETo using temperature is particularly attractive in places where air humidity, wind speed and solar radiation data are not readily available. In this study we used, for the estimation of ETo, seven models against Penman–Monteith FAO 56 with temporal (annual and seasonal) and spatial perspective over Duero basin (Spain). The results of the tested models can be useful for adopting appropriate measures for efficient water management under the limitation of agrometeorological data.
Irene Blanco-Gutiérrez, Rhys Manners, Consuelo Varela-Ortega, Ana M. Tarquis, Lucieta G. Martorano, and Marisol Toledo
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 797–813, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-797-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-797-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Amazon rainforest is being destroyed, resulting in negative ecological and social impacts. We explore how stakeholders perceive the causes of the Amazon's degradation in Bolivia and Brazil and develop a series of scenarios to help strengthen the balance between human development and environmental conservation. The results suggest that the application of governance and well-integrated technical and social reform strategies encourages positive regional changes even under climate change.
Omar Roberto Valverde-Arias, Paloma Esteve, Ana María Tarquis, and Alberto Garrido
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 345–362, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-345-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-345-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We designed an index-based insurance (IBI) for drought and flood in rice crops in Babahoyo (Ecuador). We assessed Babahoyo's soil, climatic and topographic variability, finding two homogeneous zones inside this area. We set differentiated insurance premiums according to the particular risk status of each zone. Results demonstrate that this IBI is an efficient risk transfer tool for policyholders. This insurance design could contribute to stabilizing farmers' incomes and rice production.
María del Pilar Jiménez-Donaire, Ana Tarquis, and Juan Vicente Giráldez
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 21–33, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-21-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-21-2020, 2020
Short summary
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A new combined drought indicator (CDI) is proposed that integrates rainfall, soil moisture and vegetation dynamics. The performance of this indicator was evaluated against crop damage data from agricultural insurance schemes in five different areas in SW Spain. Results show that this indicator was able to predict important droughts in 2004–2005 and 2011–2012, marked by crop damage of between 70 % and 95 % of the total insured area. This opens important applications for improving insurance schemes.
Juan José Martín-Sotoca, Antonio Saa-Requejo, Rubén Moratiel, Nicolas Dalezios, Ioannis Faraslis, and Ana María Tarquis
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1685–1702, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1685-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1685-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation indices based on satellite images, such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), have been used for damaged pasture insurance. The occurrence of damage is usually defined by NDVI thresholds mainly based on normal statistics. In this work a pasture area in Spain was delimited by MODIS images. A statistical analysis of NDVI was applied to search for alternative distributions. Results show that generalized extreme value distributions present a better fit than normal ones.
Carmelo Alonso, Ana M. Tarquis, Ignacio Zúñiga, and Rosa M. Benito
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 24, 141–155, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-141-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-141-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
NDVI and EVI vegetation indexes, estimated from satellite images, can been used to estimate root zone soil moisture. However, depending on the spatial and radiometric resolution of the sensors used, estimations could change. In this work, images taken by satellites IKONOS-2 and LANDSAT-7 of the same location are compared on the four bands involved in these vegetation indexes. The results show that spatial resolution has a similar scaling effect in the four bands, but not radiometric resolution.
N. R. Dalezios, A. Blanta, N. V. Spyropoulos, and A. M. Tarquis
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 2435–2448, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2435-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2435-2014, 2014
P. Cely, A. M. Tarquis, J. Paz-Ferreiro, A. Méndez, and G. Gascó
Solid Earth, 5, 585–594, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-585-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-585-2014, 2014
A. Matulka, P. López, J. M. Redondo, and A. Tarquis
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 21, 269–278, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-269-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-269-2014, 2014
Paolo Nasta, Günter Blöschl, Heye R. Bogena, Steffen Zacharias, Roland Baatz, Gabriëlle De Lannoy, Karsten H. Jensen, Salvatore Manfreda, Laurent Pfister, Ana M. Tarquis, Ilja van Meerveld, Marc Voltz, Yijian Zeng, William Kustas, Xin Li, Harry Vereecken, and Nunzio Romano
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1678, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1678, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Unsolved Problems in Hydrology (UPH) initiative has emphasized the need to establish networks of multi-decadal hydrological observatories to tackle catchment-scale challenges on a global scale. This opinion paper provocatively discusses two end members of possible future hydrological observatory (HO) networks for a given hypothesized community budget: a comprehensive set of moderately instrumented observatories or, alternatively, a small number of highly instrumented super-sites.
Juan J. Martin-Sotoca, Ernesto Sanz, Antonio Saa-Requejo, Rubén Moratiel, Andrés F. Almeida-Ñauñay, and Ana M. Tarquis
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-145, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2023-145, 2023
Manuscript not accepted for further review
Short summary
Short summary
This work includes vegetation (VCI) and water content index (WCI) series from two semiarid rangeland areas in Spain. Based on then, a Z-score for both was calculated to use it as an anomaly index. In this way, we associated negative anomalies with drought episodes. Then, we study the relations of these negative anomalies to see if it is possible to use WCI as an alarm of agronomic drought (VCI negative anomaly). The description of the behaviour of both areas and their comparison are made.
Jonathan Rizzi, Ana M. Tarquis, Anne Gobin, Mikhail Semenov, Wenwu Zhao, and Paolo Tarolli
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3873–3877, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3873-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-3873-2021, 2021
Panagiotis T. Nastos, Nicolas R. Dalezios, Ioannis N. Faraslis, Kostas Mitrakopoulos, Anna Blanta, Marios Spiliotopoulos, Stavros Sakellariou, Pantelis Sidiropoulos, and Ana M. Tarquis
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1935–1954, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1935-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1935-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Risk assessment consists of three steps: identification, estimation and evaluation. Nevertheless, the risk management framework also includes a fourth step, the need for feedback on all the risk assessment undertakings. However, there is a lack of such feedback, which constitutes a serious deficiency in the reduction of environmental hazards at the present time. The objective of this review paper consists of addressing meteorological hazards and extremes within the risk management framework.
Rubén Moratiel, Raquel Bravo, Antonio Saa, Ana M. Tarquis, and Javier Almorox
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 859–875, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-859-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-859-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The estimation of ETo using temperature is particularly attractive in places where air humidity, wind speed and solar radiation data are not readily available. In this study we used, for the estimation of ETo, seven models against Penman–Monteith FAO 56 with temporal (annual and seasonal) and spatial perspective over Duero basin (Spain). The results of the tested models can be useful for adopting appropriate measures for efficient water management under the limitation of agrometeorological data.
Irene Blanco-Gutiérrez, Rhys Manners, Consuelo Varela-Ortega, Ana M. Tarquis, Lucieta G. Martorano, and Marisol Toledo
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 797–813, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-797-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-797-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Amazon rainforest is being destroyed, resulting in negative ecological and social impacts. We explore how stakeholders perceive the causes of the Amazon's degradation in Bolivia and Brazil and develop a series of scenarios to help strengthen the balance between human development and environmental conservation. The results suggest that the application of governance and well-integrated technical and social reform strategies encourages positive regional changes even under climate change.
Omar Roberto Valverde-Arias, Paloma Esteve, Ana María Tarquis, and Alberto Garrido
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 345–362, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-345-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-345-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We designed an index-based insurance (IBI) for drought and flood in rice crops in Babahoyo (Ecuador). We assessed Babahoyo's soil, climatic and topographic variability, finding two homogeneous zones inside this area. We set differentiated insurance premiums according to the particular risk status of each zone. Results demonstrate that this IBI is an efficient risk transfer tool for policyholders. This insurance design could contribute to stabilizing farmers' incomes and rice production.
María del Pilar Jiménez-Donaire, Ana Tarquis, and Juan Vicente Giráldez
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 21–33, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-21-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-21-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A new combined drought indicator (CDI) is proposed that integrates rainfall, soil moisture and vegetation dynamics. The performance of this indicator was evaluated against crop damage data from agricultural insurance schemes in five different areas in SW Spain. Results show that this indicator was able to predict important droughts in 2004–2005 and 2011–2012, marked by crop damage of between 70 % and 95 % of the total insured area. This opens important applications for improving insurance schemes.
Juan José Martín-Sotoca, Antonio Saa-Requejo, Rubén Moratiel, Nicolas Dalezios, Ioannis Faraslis, and Ana María Tarquis
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1685–1702, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1685-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-1685-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Vegetation indices based on satellite images, such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), have been used for damaged pasture insurance. The occurrence of damage is usually defined by NDVI thresholds mainly based on normal statistics. In this work a pasture area in Spain was delimited by MODIS images. A statistical analysis of NDVI was applied to search for alternative distributions. Results show that generalized extreme value distributions present a better fit than normal ones.
Carmelo Alonso, Ana M. Tarquis, Ignacio Zúñiga, and Rosa M. Benito
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 24, 141–155, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-141-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-141-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
NDVI and EVI vegetation indexes, estimated from satellite images, can been used to estimate root zone soil moisture. However, depending on the spatial and radiometric resolution of the sensors used, estimations could change. In this work, images taken by satellites IKONOS-2 and LANDSAT-7 of the same location are compared on the four bands involved in these vegetation indexes. The results show that spatial resolution has a similar scaling effect in the four bands, but not radiometric resolution.
N. R. Dalezios, A. Blanta, N. V. Spyropoulos, and A. M. Tarquis
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 2435–2448, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2435-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-2435-2014, 2014
P. Cely, A. M. Tarquis, J. Paz-Ferreiro, A. Méndez, and G. Gascó
Solid Earth, 5, 585–594, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-585-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-585-2014, 2014
A. Matulka, P. López, J. M. Redondo, and A. Tarquis
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 21, 269–278, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-269-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-269-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject: Scaling, multifractals, turbulence, complex systems, self-organized criticality | Topic: Solid earth, continental surface, biogeochemistry
Fractal analysis of geomagnetic data to decipher pre-earthquake process in Andaman-Nicobar region, India
Size distribution law of earthquake-triggered landslides in different seismic intensity zones
Application of fractal models to delineate mineralized zones in the Pulang porphyry copper deposit, Yunnan, southwestern China
The adaptive particle swarm optimization technique for solving microseismic source location parameters
Spatial and radiometric characterization of multi-spectrum satellite images through multi-fractal analysis
Comparison of the multifractal characteristics of heavy metals in soils within two areas of contrasting economic activities in China
Brief communication: Possible explanation of the values of Hack's drainage basin, river length scaling exponent
Universal multifractal Martian topography
Earthquake source parameters that display the first digit phenomenon
Identification of magnetic anomalies based on ground magnetic data analysis using multifractal modelling: a case study in Qoja-Kandi, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran
Site effect classification based on microtremor data analysis using a concentration–area fractal model
Inferring origin of mercury inclusions in quartz by multifractal analysis
Spatial analysis of oil reservoirs using detrended fluctuation analysis of geophysical data
Rahul Prajapati and Kusumita Arora
Nonlin. Processes Geophys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-2024-8, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-2024-8, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for NPG
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The emission of EM fields due to lithospheric deformation in the focal zone prior to the commencement of earthquakes can be used as a short-term earthquake precursor. A fractal-based analysis of vertical component geomagnetic signal is effective in identifying the EM signatures prior to the earthquake and characteristics of EM signatures to reveal the type of pre-earthquake processes such as microfracture, electrokinetic, etc.
Yidan Huang and Lingkan Yao
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 28, 167–179, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-28-167-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-28-167-2021, 2021
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Earthquakes have triggered numerous landslides, and much progress has been made in their study. But, so far, the dynamic behavior of slope disasters still lacks understanding, such as whether there is a definite energy and spacial distribution of earthquake-induced landslides or whether giant landslides and small landslides follow different formation mechanisms. In this study, we attempt to answer these questions from the point of view of the self-organized critical (SOC) theory.
Xiaochen Wang, Qinglin Xia, Tongfei Li, Shuai Leng, Yanling Li, Li Kang, Zhijun Chen, and Lianrong Wu
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 26, 267–282, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-26-267-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-26-267-2019, 2019
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We utilized N-S, C-V and S-V fractal models to delineate different grades of mineralization in the Pulang deposit. The high-grade mineralization determined by S–V has a better correlation with potassic alteration zones resulting from the 3-D geological model than from N-S and C-V models. The highly and moderately mineralized zones obtained from the fractal models are both situated in the southern and central parts of the Pulang deposit and coincide with potassic and phyllic alteration zones.
Hong-Mei Sun, Jian-Zhi Yu, Xing-Li Zhang, Bin-Guo Wang, and Rui-Sheng Jia
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 26, 163–173, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-26-163-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-26-163-2019, 2019
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An adaptive PSO optimization method is proposed based on the average population velocity in order to solve for location parameters of the seismic source in a location model. Combined with the actual need to solve for seismic source parameters, the model constraints of inertia weight, accelerating constants, the maximum flight velocity of particles, and other parameters are discussed in order to improve the optimization capacity of the PSO algorithm and avoid being trapped in a local optimum.
Carmelo Alonso, Ana M. Tarquis, Ignacio Zúñiga, and Rosa M. Benito
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 24, 141–155, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-141-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-141-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
NDVI and EVI vegetation indexes, estimated from satellite images, can been used to estimate root zone soil moisture. However, depending on the spatial and radiometric resolution of the sensors used, estimations could change. In this work, images taken by satellites IKONOS-2 and LANDSAT-7 of the same location are compared on the four bands involved in these vegetation indexes. The results show that spatial resolution has a similar scaling effect in the four bands, but not radiometric resolution.
Xiaohui Li, Xiangling Li, Feng Yuan, Simon M. Jowitt, Taofa Zhou, Kui Yang, Jie Zhou, Xunyu Hu, and Yang Li
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 23, 331–339, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-23-331-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-23-331-2016, 2016
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In this paper, we present the results of a heavy metal soil geochemical survey in Hefei city and use three multifractal parameters to indicate the overall amount of multifractality within the soil geochemical data. The results show all of the elements barring Hg have larger multifractal parameters in the Daxing area compared to the Yicheng area. The degree of multifractality suggests that the differing economic activities in Daxing and Yicheng generate very different heavy metal pollution loads.
Allen G. Hunt
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 23, 91–93, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-23-91-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-23-91-2016, 2016
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Percolation theory can be used to find flow paths of least resistance. Applying percolation theory to drainage networks apparently allows identification of the range of exponent values describing the tortuosity of rivers in real networks, thus generating observed scaling between drainage basin area and channel length, a relationship known as Hack's law. Such a theoretical basis for Hack's law may allow interpretation of the range of exponent values based on assessment of substrate heterogeneity.
F. Landais, F. Schmidt, and S. Lovejoy
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 22, 713–722, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-713-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-713-2015, 2015
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In the present study, we investigate the scaling properties of the topography of Mars. Planetary topographic fields are well known to exhibit (mono)fractal behavior. Indeed, fractal formalism is efficient in reproducing the variability observed in topography. Our results suggest a multifractal behavior from the planetary scale down to 10 km. From 10 km to 300 m, the topography seems to be simple monofractal.
P. A. Toledo, S. R. Riquelme, and J. A. Campos
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 22, 625–632, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-625-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-625-2015, 2015
E. Mansouri, F. Feizi, and A. A. Karbalaei Ramezanali
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 22, 579–587, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-579-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-579-2015, 2015
A. Adib, P. Afzal, and K. Heydarzadeh
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 22, 53–63, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-53-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-53-2015, 2015
T. Shibata, T. Maruoka, and T. Echigo
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 22, 47–52, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-47-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-47-2015, 2015
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In order to refine our understanding of how fluid inclusions were trapped in the host minerals, we observed mercury inclusions in quartz samples using X-ray computed tomography technique. We obtained three-dimensional spatial distributions, and analyzed them using fractal and multifractal methods. Given the fractal dimension and its implied mechanism, the mercury-bearing fluids were not primary fluid inclusions, but migrated into the pre-existing cracks of quartz crystals by diffusion processes.
R. A. Ribeiro, M. V. M. Mata, L. S. Lucena, U. L. Fulco, and G. Corso
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 21, 1043–1049, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-1043-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-1043-2014, 2014
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Short summary
Melon crop got different levels of N that constituted a contribution to the variation of soil N at mainly larger scales. During its development a proportion of the N was taken up, adding a second factor of variability at smaller scales. After the melon harvest, the wheat was sown across the plots and harvested at the end of the season. Wheat was used as a N sink crop and allowed us to evaluate the soil N residual. Multiscale and relative entropy were applied to study N scale dependencies.
Melon crop got different levels of N that constituted a contribution to the variation of soil N...
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