Articles | Volume 24, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-407-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-407-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
01 Aug 2017
Research article |
| 01 Aug 2017
Characterization of high-intensity, long-duration continuous auroral activity (HILDCAA) events using recurrence quantification analysis
Space Geophysics Division (DGE/CEA), Brazilian Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
Margarete Oliveira Domingues
Associated Laboratory of Computation and Applied Mathematics (LAC/CTE), Brazilian Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
Ezequiel Echer
Space Geophysics Division (DGE/CEA), Brazilian Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
Rajkumar Hajra
Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), CNRS, Orléans 45100, France
Varlei Everton Menconi
Space Geophysics Division (DGE/CEA), Brazilian Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
Related authors
Nelson J. Schuch, Rodrigo P. Marques, Otávio S. C. Durão, Marlos R. da Silva, Odim Mendes, Fátima Mattiello-Francisco, Andrei P. Legg, André L. da Silva, Fernando S. Pedroso, and Eduardo E. Bürger
Ann. Geophys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2019-58, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2019-58, 2019
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The Brazilian INPE-UFSM NANOSATC-BR CubeSats Development Program consists of two CubeSats, NANOSATC-BR1 (1U) & NANOSATC-BR2 (2U). NANOSATC-BR2 is expected to operate in orbit for at least 12 months, while NANOSATC-BR1 this year has completed more than four years in orbit operation. This paper focuses on the future development of NANOSATC-BR3 & NANOSATC-BR4, in a partnership with the UFSM's Aerospace Engineering Course and on the launching of NANOSATC-BR2.
Fernando L. Guarnieri, Bruce T. Tsurutani, Rajkumar Hajra, Ezequiel Echer, and Gurbax S. Lakhina
Nonlin. Processes Geophys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-2024-9, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-2024-9, 2024
Preprint under review for NPG
Short summary
Short summary
On February 03, 2022, SpaceX launched a new group of satellites for its Starlink constellation. This launch simultaneously released 49 satellites in orbits between 200 km and 250 km height. The launches occurred during a geomagnetic storm, followed by a second one. There was an immediate loss of 32 satellites. The satellite losses may have been caused by an unusually high level of atmospheric drag (unexplained by current theory/modeling) or a high level of satellite collisions.
Adriane Marques de Souza Franco, Rajkumar Hajra, Ezequiel Echer, and Mauricio José Alves Bolzan
Ann. Geophys., 39, 929–943, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-929-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-929-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We used up-to-date substorms, HILDCAAs and geomagnetic storms of varying intensity along with all available geomagnetic indices during the space exploration era to explore the seasonal features of the geomagnetic activity and their drivers. As substorms, HILDCAAs and magnetic storms of varying intensity have varying solar/interplanetary drivers, such a study is important for acomplete understanding of the seasonal features of the geomagnetic response to the solar/interplanetary events.
Rajkumar Hajra
Ann. Geophys., 39, 181–187, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-181-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-39-181-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Geomagnetic activity is known to exhibit semi-annual variation with larger occurrences during equinoxes. A similar seasonal feature was reported for relativistic (∼ MeV) electrons throughout the entire outer zone radiation belt. Present work, for the first time reveals that electron fluxes increase with an ∼ 6-month periodicity in a limited L-shell only with large dependence in solar activity cycle. In addition, flux enhancements are not essentially equinoctial.
Bruce T. Tsurutani, Gurbax S. Lakhina, and Rajkumar Hajra
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 27, 75–119, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-27-75-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-27-75-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Current space weather problems are discussed for young researchers. We have discussed some of the major problems that need to be solved for space weather forecasting to become a reality.
Nelson J. Schuch, Rodrigo P. Marques, Otávio S. C. Durão, Marlos R. da Silva, Odim Mendes, Fátima Mattiello-Francisco, Andrei P. Legg, André L. da Silva, Fernando S. Pedroso, and Eduardo E. Bürger
Ann. Geophys. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2019-58, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2019-58, 2019
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
The Brazilian INPE-UFSM NANOSATC-BR CubeSats Development Program consists of two CubeSats, NANOSATC-BR1 (1U) & NANOSATC-BR2 (2U). NANOSATC-BR2 is expected to operate in orbit for at least 12 months, while NANOSATC-BR1 this year has completed more than four years in orbit operation. This paper focuses on the future development of NANOSATC-BR3 & NANOSATC-BR4, in a partnership with the UFSM's Aerospace Engineering Course and on the launching of NANOSATC-BR2.
Fernando L. Guarnieri, Bruce T. Tsurutani, Luis E. A. Vieira, Rajkumar Hajra, Ezequiel Echer, Anthony J. Mannucci, and Walter D. Gonzalez
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 25, 67–76, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-25-67-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-25-67-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In this work we developed a method to obtain a time series named as AE* which is well correlated with the geomagnetic AE index. In this process, wavelet filtering is applied to interplanetary solar wind data from spacecrafts around the L1 libration point. This geomagnetic indicator AE* can be obtained well before the AE index release in its final form, and it can be used to feed models for geomagnetic effects, such as the relativistic electrons, giving forecasts ~ 1 to 2 days in advance.
B. T. Tsurutani, R. Hajra, E. Echer, and J. W. Gjerloev
Ann. Geophys., 33, 519–524, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-519-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-33-519-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Particularly intense substorms (SSS), brilliant auroral displays with strong >106A currents in the ionosphere, are studied. It is believed that these SSS events cause power outages during magnetic storms. It is shown that SSS events can occur during all intensity magnetic storms; thus power problems are not necessarily restricted to the rare most intense storms. We show four SSS events that are triggered by solar wind pressure pulses. If this is typical, ~30-minute warnings could be issued.
Related subject area
Subject: Time series, machine learning, networks, stochastic processes, extreme events | Topic: Ionosphere, magnetosphere, planetary science, solar science
Quantification of magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling timescales using mutual information: response of terrestrial radio emissions and ionospheric–magnetospheric currents
Nonlinear vortex solution for perturbations in the Earth's ionosphere
The physics of space weather/solar-terrestrial physics (STP): what we know now and what the current and future challenges are
Complex network description of the ionosphere
Evolution of fractality in space plasmas of interest to geomagnetic activity
Satellite drag effects due to uplifted oxygen neutrals during super magnetic storms
Spectral characteristics of high-latitude raw 40 MHz cosmic noise signals
Long-term changes in the north–south asymmetry of solar activity: a nonlinear dynamics characterization using visibility graphs
Nonlinear fluctuation analysis for a set of 41 magnetic clouds measured by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft
Complexity signatures in the geomagnetic H component recorded by the Tromsø magnetometer (70° N, 19° E) over the last quarter of a century
Can irregularities of solar proxies help understand quasi-biennial solar variations?
Alexandra Ruth Fogg, Caitríona M. Jackman, Sandra C. Chapman, James E. Waters, Aisling Bergin, Laurent Lamy, Karine Issautier, Baptiste Cecconi, and Xavier Bonnin
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 31, 195–206, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-31-195-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-31-195-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) is a radio emission emitted by Earth. Due to the complex mixture of phenomena in the magnetosphere, it is tricky to estimate the time difference between the excitation of two systems. In this study, AKR is compared with indices describing Earth's system. Time differences between the excitation of AKR and the indices are estimated using mutual information. AKR feels an enhancement before the aurora but after more polar latitude features.
Miroslava Vukcevic and Luka Č. Popović
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 27, 295–306, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-27-295-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-27-295-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The soliton vortex two-dimensional solution has been derived for the ionosphere. Why are solitons so important? The advantage of an analytical soliton solution is its localization in space and time as a consequence of balance between nonlinearity and dispersion. One very good example of the balance between nonlinear and dispersive effects is tsunami, a surface gravity one-dimensional wave that can propagate with constant velocity and constant amplitude when it is assured by a parameter regime.
Bruce T. Tsurutani, Gurbax S. Lakhina, and Rajkumar Hajra
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 27, 75–119, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-27-75-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-27-75-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Current space weather problems are discussed for young researchers. We have discussed some of the major problems that need to be solved for space weather forecasting to become a reality.
Shikun Lu, Hao Zhang, Xihai Li, Yihong Li, Chao Niu, Xiaoyun Yang, and Daizhi Liu
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 25, 233–240, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-25-233-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-25-233-2018, 2018
Víctor Muñoz, Macarena Domínguez, Juan Alejandro Valdivia, Simon Good, Giuseppina Nigro, and Vincenzo Carbone
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 25, 207–216, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-25-207-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-25-207-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Fractals are self-similar objects (which look the same at all scales), whose dimensions can be noninteger. They are mathematical concepts, useful to describe various physical systems, as the fractal dimension is a measure of their complexity. In this paper we study how these concepts can be applied to some problems in space plasmas, such as the activity of the Earth's magnetosphere, simulations of plasma turbulence, or identification of magnetic structures ejected from the Sun.
Gurbax S. Lakhina and Bruce T. Tsurutani
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 24, 745–750, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-745-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-745-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
A preliminary estimate of the drag force per unit mass on typical low-Earth-orbiting satellites moving through the ionosphere during Carrington-type super magnetic storms is calculated by a simple first-order model which takes into account the ion-neutral drag between the upward-moving oxygen ions and O neutral atoms. It is shown that oxygen ions and atoms can be uplifted to 850 km altitude, where they produce about 40 times more satellite drag per unit mass than normal.
Chris M. Hall
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 23, 215–222, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-23-215-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-23-215-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The relative ionospheric opacity meter ("riometer") is a traditional instrument for measuring the degree to which cosmic noise is absorbed by the ionosphere and therefore how energetic the particles – electrons, protons etc. – are that cause the ionisation. We identify the same signatures in the "hour-to-days" timescale variability as reported in solar and geomagnetic disturbances. The result demonstrates the relationship between riometer data and the underlying physics for different timescales.
Y. Zou, R. V. Donner, N. Marwan, M. Small, and J. Kurths
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 21, 1113–1126, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-1113-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-1113-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
We use visibility graphs to characterize asymmetries in the dynamics of sunspot areas in both solar hemispheres. Our analysis provides deep insights into the potential and limitations of this method, revealing a complex interplay between effects due to statistical versus dynamical properties of the observed data. Temporal changes in the hemispheric predominance of the graph connectivity are found to lag those directly associated with the total hemispheric sunspot areas themselves.
A. Ojeda González, W. D. Gonzalez, O. Mendes, M. O. Domingues, and R. R. Rosa
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 21, 1059–1073, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-1059-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-1059-2014, 2014
C. M. Hall
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 21, 1051–1058, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-1051-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-1051-2014, 2014
A. Shapoval, J. L. Le Mouël, M. Shnirman, and V. Courtillot
Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 21, 797–813, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-797-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-797-2014, 2014
Cited articles
Axford, W. I. and Hines, C. O.: A unifying theory of high-latitude geophysical phenomena and geomagnetic storms, C. J. Phys., 39, 1433–1464, https://doi.org/10.1139/p61-172, 1961.
Belcher, J. W. and Davis, L. J.: Large-amplitude Alfvèn waves in the interplanetary medium: 2, J. Geophys. Res., 76, 3534–3563, 1971.
Burch, J. L. and Drake, J. F.: Reconnecting magnetic fields, Am. Sci., 97, 392–399, 2009.
Campbell, W. H.: Introduction to geomagnetic fields, Cambridge, 2003.
Chen, Q., Otto, A., and Lee, L. C.: Tearing instability, Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, and magnetic reconnection, J. Geophys. Res., 430, 1755–1758, 2004.
Cover, T. M. and Thomas, J. A.: Elements of Information Theory, Wiley-Interscience, New Jersey, 2006.
Davis, T. N. and Sugiura, M.: Auroral electroject activity index AE and its universal time variations, J. Geophys. Res,, 71, 785, https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ071i003p00785, 1966.
Dungey, J. W.: Interplanetary magnetic field and the auroral zones, Phys. Rev. Lett., 6, 47–48, 1961.
Echer, E., Gonzalez, W. D., Tsurutani, B. T., and Kozyra, J. U.: High speed stream properties and related geomagnetic activity during the whole heliospheric interval, Sol. Phys., 274, 303–320, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-011-9739-0, 2011.
Echer, E., Tsurutani, B. T., and Gonzalez, W. D.: Extremely low geomagnetic activity during the recent deep solar cycle minimum, Proc. Int. Astron. Union, 7, 200–209, https://doi.org/10.1017/S174392131200484X, 2012.
Eckmann, J. P., Kamphorst, S., and Ruelle, D.: Recurrence plots of dynamical systems, Europhys. Lett., 4, 973–977, 1987.
Gonzalez, W. D. and Mozer, F. S.: A quantitative model for the potential resulting from reconnection with an arbitrary interplanetary magnetic field, J. Geophys. Res., 79, 4186–4194, 1974.
Gonzalez, W. D., Guarnieri, F. L., Clua-Gonzalez, A. L., Echer, E., Alves, M. V., Oginoo, T., and Tsurutani, B. T.: Recurrent Magnetic Storms: Corotating Solar Wind Streams, chap. Magnetospheric energetics during HILDCAAs, AGU, https://doi.org/10.1029/167GM15, 2006.
Guarnieri, F. L.: Recurrent Magnetic Storms: Corotating Solar Wind Streams, chap. The nature of auroras during high-intensity long-duration continuous AE activity (HILDCAA) events: 1998–2001, AGU, https://doi.org/10.1029/167GM19, 2006.
Guarnieri, F. L., Tsurutani, B. T., Gonzalez, W. D., Clua-Gonzalez, A. L., Grande, M., Soraas, F., and Echer, E.: ICME and CIR storms with particular emphases on HILDCAA events, in: ILWS WORKSHOP 2006, COSPAR, GOA, India, 2006.
Hajra, R., Echer, E., Tsurutani, B. T., and Gonzalez, W. D.: Solar cycle dependence of high-intensity long-duration continuous AE activity (HILDCAA) events, relativistic electron predictors?, J. Geophys. Res., 118, 5626–5638, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50530, 2013.
Hajra, R., Echer, E., Tsurutani, B. T., and Gonzalez, W. D.: Superposed epoch analyses of HILDCAAs and their interplanetary drivers: solar cycle and seasonal dependences, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 121, 24–31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2014.09.012, 2014a.
Hajra, R., Echer, E., Tsurutani, B. T., and Gonzalez, W. D.: Solar wind-magnetosphere energy coupling efficiency and partitioning: HILDCAAs and preceding CIR storms during solar cycle 23,, J. Geophys. Res., 119, 2675–2690, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019646, 2014b.
Hajra, R., Tsurutani, B. T., Echer, E., and Gonzalez, W. D.: Relativistic electron acceleration during high-intensity, long-duration, continuous AE activity (HILDCAA) events: solar cycle phase dependences, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 1876–1881, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL059383, 2014c.
Hajra, R., Tsurutani, B. T., Echer, E., Gonzalez, W. D., Brum, C. G., Vieira, L. E. A., and Santolik, O.: Relativistic electron acceleration during HILDCAA events: are precursor CIR magnetic storms important?, Earth, Planets Space., 67, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-015-0280-5, 2015a.
Hajra, R., Tsurutani, B. T., Echer, E., Gonzalez, W. D., and Santolik, O.: Relativistic (E > 0.6, > 2.0, and > 4.0 mev) electron acceleration at geosynchronous orbit during high-intensity, long-duration, continuous AE activity (HILDCAA) events, Astrophys. J., 799, https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/799/1/39, 2015b.
Hargreaves, J. K.: The solar-terrestrial environment, Camnbridge, 1992.
Hasegawa, H., Fujimoto, M., Phan, T. D., Rème, H., Balogh, A., Dunlop, M. W., Hashimoto, C., and TanDokoro, R.: Transport of solar wind into Earth's magnetosphere through rolled-up Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices, Nature, 102, 151–161, 1997.
Horne, R. B.: Rationale and requirements for a european space weather programme, in: Space Weather Workshop: Looking Towards a European Space Weather Programme, pp. 139–144, European Space Agency, Nordwijk, the Netherlands, 2003.
Iwanski, J. S. and Bradley, E.: Recurrence plots of experimental data: to embedded or not to embed?, Chaos, 8, 861–871, 1998.
Kennel, M. B., Brown, R., and Abarbanel, H. D. I.: Determining embedding dimension for phase-space reconstruction using a geometrical construction, Phys. Rev. A, 45, 3403, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.45.3403, 1992.
Kivelson, M. G. and Russell, C. T. (Eds.): Introduction to Space Physics, Cambridge, 2 edn., 1995.
Kozyra, J. U., Crowley, G., Emery, B. A., Fang, X., Maris, G., Mlynczak, M. G., Niciejewski, R. J., Palo, S. E., Paxton, L. J., Randall, C. E., Rong, P. P., Russell, J. M., Skinner, W., Solomon, S. C., Talaat, E., Wu, Q., and Yee, J. H.: Recurrent Magnetic Storms: Corotating Solar Wind Streams, chap. Response of the upper/middle atmosphere to coronal holes and powerful high-speed solar wind streams in 2003, AGU, https://doi.org/10.1029/167GM24, 2006.
Letellier, C.: Estimating the Shannon Entropy: Recurrence Plots versus Symbolic Dynamics, Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, 254102-1–254102-4, 2006.
Ma, X., Otto, A., and Delamere, P. A.: Interaction of magnetic reconnection and kelvin-helmholtz modes for large magnetic shear: 1. kelvin-helmholtz trigger, J. Geophys. Res.-Space Physics, 119, 781–797, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JA019224, 2014.
Maizel, J. V. and Lenk, R. P.: Enhanced graphic matrix analysys of nucleic acid and protein sequences, Genetic, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 78, 7665–7669, 1981.
March, T. K., Chapman, S. C., and Dendy, R. O.: Recurrence plot statistics and the effect of embedding, Phys. D, 200, 173–184, 2005.
Marwan, N.: Encounters with neighbours. current developments of concepts based on recurrence plots and their applications, Ph.D. thesis, Institut Für Physik, Fakultät Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Universität Potsdam, 2003.
Marwan, N.: How to avoid potential pitfalls in recurrence plot based data analysis, Int. J. Bifurcation Chaos, 21, 1003, 2011.
Marwan, N. and Kurths, J.: Nonlinear analysis of bivariate data with cross recurrence plots, Phys. Lett. A, 302, 299–307, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9601(02)01170-2, 2002.
Marwan, N. and Webber, C. L. J.: Recurrence Quantification Analysis, chap. Mathematical and computational foundations of recurrence quantifications, 3–43, Springer, 2015.
Marwan, N., Carmen, M., Romano, M. T., and Kurths, J.: Recurrence plots for the analysis of complex systems, Phys. Reports, 438, 237–329, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2006.11.001, 2007.
Mendes, O., Domingues, M. O., and da Costa, A. M.: Introduction to planetary electrodynamics: a view of electric fields, currents and related magnetic fields, Adv. Space Res., 35, 812–828, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2005.03.139, 2005.
Menk, F. and Waters, C. L.: Magnetoseismology, Wiley-VCH, 1 edn., 2013.
Rostoker, G.: Geomagnetic indices, Rev. Geophysics, 10, 935–950, https://doi.org/10.1029/RG010i004p00935, 1972.
Schulman, L. S.: Note on the quantum recurrence theorem, Phys. Rev. A, 18, 2379–2380, 1978.
Shannon, C. E.: The Mathematical Theory of Communication, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 1964.
Takens, F.: Dynamical Systems and Turbulence, Warwick 1980, vol. 898, chap. Detecting strange attractors in turbulence, 366–381, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0091924, 1981.
Trulla, L. L., Giuliani, A., Zbilut, J. P., and Webber, C. L. J.: Recurrence quantification analysis of the logistic equation with transients, Phys. Lett. A, 223, 255–260, 1996.
Tsurutani, B. T. and Gonzalez, W. D.: The cause of High-Intensity, Long-Duration, Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAAs): interplanetary Alfvèn wave trains, Planet. Space Sci., 35, 405, 1987.
Tsurutani, B. T., Gould, T., Goldstein, B. E., Gonzalez, W. D., and Sugiura, M.: Interplanetary Alfvèn waves and auroral (substorm) activity: IMP 8, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 2241–2252, https://doi.org/10.1029/JA095iA03p02241, 1990.
Tsurutani, B. T., Ho, C., Smith, E. J., Neugebauer, M., Goldstein, B. E., Mok, J. S., Arballo, J. K., Balogh, A., Southwood, D. J., and Feldman, W. C.: The relationship between interplanetary discontinuities and Alfvèn waves: Ulysses observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 2267–2270, https://doi.org/10.1029/94GL02194, 1994.
Tsurutani, B. T., Gonzalez, W. D., Clua-Gonzalez, A. L., Tang, F., Arballo, J. K., and Okada, M.: Interplanetary origin of geomagnetic activity in the declining phase of the solar cycle, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 21717–21733, 1995.
Tsurutani, B. T., Gonzalez, W. D., lua-Gonzalez, A. L., Guarnieri, F. L., Gopalswamy, N., Grande, M., Kamide, Y., Kasahara, Y., Mann, I., Lu, G., McPherron, R., Soraas, F., and Vasyliunas, V.: Corotating solar wind streams and recurrent geomagnetic activity: a review, J. Geophys. Res., 111, A07S01, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JA011273, 2006.
Tsurutani, B. T., Echer, E., and Gonzalez, W. D.: The solar and interplanetary causes of the recent minimum in geomagnetic activity (MGA23): a combination of midlatitude small coronal holes, low IMF BZ variances, low solar wind speeds and low solar magnetic fields, Ann. Geophys., 29, 839–849, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-839-2011, 2011a.
Tsurutani, B. T., Echer, E., Guarnieri, F. L., and Gonzalez, W. D.: The properties of two solar wind high speed streams and related geomagnetic activity during the declining phase of solar cycle 23, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., 73, 164–177, 2011b.
Webber Jr., C. L. and Zbilut, J. P.: Dynamical assessment of physiological systems and states using recurrence plot strategies, J. Appl. Physiol., 76, 965–973, 1994.
Wrenn, G. L.: Conclusive evidence for internal dielectric charging anomalies on geosynchronous communications spacecraft, J. Spacecraft Rockets, 32, 514–520, 1995.
Zbilut, J. P. and Webber Jr., C. L.: Embeddings and delays as derived from quantification of recurrence plots, Phys. Lett. A, 171, 199–203, 1992.
Short summary
The effects of the Sun upon the Earth's atmosphere occur in several ways. Significant electrodynamic coupling processes transfer particles and energy from the solar wind into the Earth's environment. Applied to the dynamical characteristics of high-intensity, long-duration, continuous auroral activity (HILDCAA) and non-HILDCAA events, nonlinear analysis tools like RQA aid to unravel peculiarities related to two concurrent space mechanisms known as magnetic reconnection and viscous interaction.
The effects of the Sun upon the Earth's atmosphere occur in several ways. Significant...
