We utilized N-S, C-V and S-V fractal models to delineate different grades of mineralization in the Pulang deposit. The high-grade mineralization determined by S–V has a better correlation with potassic alteration zones resulting from the 3-D geological model than from N-S and C-V models. The highly and moderately mineralized zones obtained from the fractal models are both situated in the southern and central parts of the Pulang deposit and coincide with potassic and phyllic alteration zones.

An adaptive PSO optimization method is proposed based on the average population velocity in order to solve for location parameters of the seismic source in a location model. Combined with the actual need to solve for seismic source parameters, the model constraints of inertia weight, accelerating constants, the maximum flight velocity of particles, and other parameters are discussed in order to improve the optimization capacity of the PSO algorithm and avoid being trapped in a local optimum.

NDVI and EVI vegetation indexes, estimated from satellite images, can been used to estimate root zone soil moisture. However, depending on the spatial and radiometric resolution of the sensors used, estimations could change. In this work, images taken by satellites IKONOS-2 and LANDSAT-7 of the same location are compared on the four bands involved in these vegetation indexes. The results show that spatial resolution has a similar scaling effect in the four bands, but not radiometric resolution.

Melon crop got different levels of N that constituted a contribution to the variation of soil N at mainly larger scales. During its development a proportion of the N was taken up, adding a second factor of variability at smaller scales. After the melon harvest, the wheat was sown across the plots and harvested at the end of the season. Wheat was used as a N sink crop and allowed us to evaluate the soil N residual. Multiscale and relative entropy were applied to study N scale dependencies.

In this paper, we present the results of a heavy metal soil geochemical survey in Hefei city and use three multifractal parameters to indicate the overall amount of multifractality within the soil geochemical data. The results show all of the elements barring Hg have larger multifractal parameters in the Daxing area compared to the Yicheng area. The degree of multifractality suggests that the differing economic activities in Daxing and Yicheng generate very different heavy metal pollution loads.