Articles | Volume 31, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-31-99-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-31-99-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 Feb 2024
Research article |
| 21 Feb 2024
| 21 Feb 2024
Extraction of periodic signals in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) vertical coordinate time series using the adaptive ensemble empirical modal decomposition method
Weiwei Li
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
Jing Guo
College of Geodesy and Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
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Cited
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Global Navigation Satellite System-Based Deformation Monitoring of Hydraulic Structures Using a Gated Recurrent Unit–Attention Mechanism H. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17081352
- An improved triple combination weighting model for comprehensive evaluation index: application to SE-SVMD denoising of GNSS coordinate time series J. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ae6ddf
- Determination of the Condition of Railway Rolling Stock Using Automatic Classifiers E. Junquera et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14153006
- GVMD-NLM: A Hybrid Denoising Method for GNSS Buoy Elevation Time Series Using Optimized VMD and Non-Local Means Filtering H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s26020522
- Extraction of common mode errors from GNSS coordinate time series based on the integration of MSSA and PCA S. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2026.05.045
- Adaptive separation method for mixed pulse sequences based on time-frequency analysis Q. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108550
- Analysis of GNSS-RTK Monitoring Background Noise Characteristics Based on Stability Tests W. Qi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25020379
- An adaptive frequency-based C/N0-constrained multipath extraction and mitigation method for GNSS pseudorange measurements R. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ad4fb8
- A novel method for anomaly detection and correction of GNSS time series H. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ad9101
- Long-Term Drought Analysis and Forecasting Using Hybrid Wavelet Denoise Random Forest Models with SPI, Z-Score, and China Z-Index A. Gogineni et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-025-10575-2
- GNSS vertical time series prediction based on the integration of CEEMDAN-VMD-LSTM and composite entropy T. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.13168/AGG.2026.0016
- Extraction of Time-Varying Signals in GNSS and Geophysical Interpretation: Methods, Advances, and Challenges X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s26175557
- An improved Gaussian process for filling the missing data in GNSS position time series considering the influence of adjacent stations X. Qiu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70421-7
- Dynamic Monitoring of a Bridge from GNSS-RTK Sensor Using an Improved Hybrid Denoising Method C. Xiong et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25123723
- COA–VMPE–WD: A Novel Dual-Denoising Method for GPS Time Series Based on Permutation Entropy Constraint Z. Wang & X. He https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910418
- An approach combining CEEMDAN-Wavelet denoising and MK test for identifying GNSS carrier phase diffraction errors B. Fang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2026.121366
- Noise reduction of GNSS vertical coordinate time series using ICEEMDAN-TCN X. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2026.02.008
- Prognostic Properties of Instantaneous Amplitudes Maxima of Earth Surface Tremor A. Lyubushin & E. Rodionov https://doi.org/10.3390/e26080710
- An Analysis of Meteorological Anomalies in Kamchatka in Connection with the Seismic Process A. Lyubushin et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16010078
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Global Navigation Satellite System-Based Deformation Monitoring of Hydraulic Structures Using a Gated Recurrent Unit–Attention Mechanism H. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17081352
- An improved triple combination weighting model for comprehensive evaluation index: application to SE-SVMD denoising of GNSS coordinate time series J. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ae6ddf
- Determination of the Condition of Railway Rolling Stock Using Automatic Classifiers E. Junquera et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14153006
- GVMD-NLM: A Hybrid Denoising Method for GNSS Buoy Elevation Time Series Using Optimized VMD and Non-Local Means Filtering H. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s26020522
- Extraction of common mode errors from GNSS coordinate time series based on the integration of MSSA and PCA S. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2026.05.045
- Adaptive separation method for mixed pulse sequences based on time-frequency analysis Q. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2024.108550
- Analysis of GNSS-RTK Monitoring Background Noise Characteristics Based on Stability Tests W. Qi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25020379
- An adaptive frequency-based C/N0-constrained multipath extraction and mitigation method for GNSS pseudorange measurements R. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ad4fb8
- A novel method for anomaly detection and correction of GNSS time series H. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ad9101
- Long-Term Drought Analysis and Forecasting Using Hybrid Wavelet Denoise Random Forest Models with SPI, Z-Score, and China Z-Index A. Gogineni et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-025-10575-2
- GNSS vertical time series prediction based on the integration of CEEMDAN-VMD-LSTM and composite entropy T. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.13168/AGG.2026.0016
- Extraction of Time-Varying Signals in GNSS and Geophysical Interpretation: Methods, Advances, and Challenges X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s26175557
- An improved Gaussian process for filling the missing data in GNSS position time series considering the influence of adjacent stations X. Qiu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70421-7
- Dynamic Monitoring of a Bridge from GNSS-RTK Sensor Using an Improved Hybrid Denoising Method C. Xiong et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25123723
- COA–VMPE–WD: A Novel Dual-Denoising Method for GPS Time Series Based on Permutation Entropy Constraint Z. Wang & X. He https://doi.org/10.3390/app151910418
- An approach combining CEEMDAN-Wavelet denoising and MK test for identifying GNSS carrier phase diffraction errors B. Fang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2026.121366
- Noise reduction of GNSS vertical coordinate time series using ICEEMDAN-TCN X. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2026.02.008
- Prognostic Properties of Instantaneous Amplitudes Maxima of Earth Surface Tremor A. Lyubushin & E. Rodionov https://doi.org/10.3390/e26080710
- An Analysis of Meteorological Anomalies in Kamchatka in Connection with the Seismic Process A. Lyubushin et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16010078
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 25 Sep 2026
Short summary
Improper handling of missing data and offsets will affect the accuracy of a signal of interest. The trend in GNSS belonging to GLOSS is key to getting the absolute sea level. However, this is affected by the periodic signals that are included. Although adaptive EEMD is capable of extracting periodic signals, missing data and offsets are ignored in previous work. Meanwhile, the time-varying periodic characteristics derived by adaptive EEMD are more conducive to analyzing the driving factors.
Improper handling of missing data and offsets will affect the accuracy of a signal of interest....
