In the previous work (Yan et al., 2015, NPG), we proposed a novel method to detect the transition process of climate change and exposed a new understanding of climate change. In this work, by using this method, we studied several climate changes of the sea surface temperature over the past century. The result shows that the system is bi-stable, and the persist time of transition process is shortened. Besides, a quantitative relation among the transition process parameters is obtained and verified.

By considering the diurnal variations in zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) and modifying the model expansion function, we developed an improved global empirical ZTD model GZTD2 with higher temporal and spatial resolutions compared to our previous GZTD model. The external validation testing with IGS ZTD data shows the bias and rms for GZTD2 are −0.3 and 3.9 cm respectively, indicating higher accuracy and reliability for geodesy technology compared to GZTD and other commonly used ZTD models.

In this article, bred vectors are computed from a single time series data using time-delay embedding, with a new technique, nearest-neighbor breeding. Since the dynamical properties of the nearest-neighbor bred vectors are shown to be similar to bred vectors computed using evolution equations, this provides a new and novel way to model and predict sudden transitions in systems represented by time series data alone.

In this contribution the wind jet dynamics in the northern margin of the Ebro River shelf (NW Mediterranean Sea) are investigated using coupled numerical models. The study area is characterized by persistent and energetic offshore winds during autumn and winter. However, the coupling effect in the wind resource assessment may be relevant due to the cubic relation between the wind intensity and power.