Articles | Volume 22, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-289-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-289-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
08 May 2015
Research article |
| 08 May 2015
Two-dimensional numerical simulations of shoaling internal solitary waves at the ASIAEX site in the South China Sea
Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
A. Warn-Varnas
Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, MS 39539, USA
retired
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Cited
47 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Experimental investigation of elevation internal solitary wave propagation over a ridge H. Du et al. 10.1063/5.0046407
- Interactions Between Internal Solitary Waves and Sea Ice S. Hartharn‐Evans et al. 10.1029/2023JC020175
- Simulations and observation of nonlinear internal waves on the continental shelf: Korteweg–de Vries and extended Korteweg–de Vries solutions K. O'Driscoll & M. Levine 10.5194/os-13-749-2017
- Effect of Plateau Length on the Transformation of Internal Solitary Waves M. Cheng et al. 10.7763/IJET.2017.V9.951
- Formation of Recirculating Cores in Convectively Breaking Internal Solitary Waves of Depression Shoaling over Gentle Slopes in the South China Sea G. Rivera-Rosario et al. 10.1175/JPO-D-19-0036.1
- SAR Observation of Eddy-Induced Mode-2 Internal Solitary Waves in the South China Sea D. Dong et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2587752
- Numerical Simulations of Cross-boundary Layer Transport by Head-on Internal Solitary Wave Collisions M. Stastna et al. 10.1007/s42286-022-00064-6
- Shear instability in mode-2 internal Kelvin waves M. Stastna et al. 10.1007/s10652-022-09895-w
- Internal Bore Evolution across the Shelf near Pt. Sal, California, Interpreted as a Gravity Current M. Spydell et al. 10.1175/JPO-D-21-0095.1
- Bolus formation from fission of nonlinear internal waves over a mild slope A. Ghassemi et al. 10.1017/jfm.2021.1033
- Latitudinal Structure of Solitons in the South China Sea S. Ramp et al. 10.1175/JPO-D-18-0071.1
- Resonant coupling of mode-1 and mode-2 internal waves by topography Z. Liu et al. 10.1017/jfm.2020.829
- Generation of second-mode internal solitary waves during winter in the northern South China Sea J. Liang & X. Li 10.1007/s10236-019-01246-6
- Instability and cross-boundary-layer transport by shoaling internal waves over realistic slopes C. Xu & M. Stastna 10.1017/jfm.2020.389
- Generation of mode-2 internal waves in a two-dimensional stratification by a mode-1 internal wave J. Liang et al. 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2018.09.014
- Effects of Stratification on Shoaling Internal Tidal Bores D. Dauhajre et al. 10.1175/JPO-D-21-0107.1
- Experimental investigation of propagation evolution characteristics of internal solitary waves passing through downslope topography L. Zou et al. 10.1063/5.0188002
- Observations of Shoaling Nonlinear Internal Bores across the Central California Inner Shelf J. McSweeney et al. 10.1175/JPO-D-19-0125.1
- Bumpy Topographic Effects on the Transbasin Evolution of Large‐Amplitude Internal Solitary Wave in the Northern South China Sea J. Xie et al. 10.1029/2018JC014837
- Mooring observed mode-2 internal solitary waves in the northern South China Sea L. Chen et al. 10.1007/s13131-020-1667-0
- Comparison of the Characteristics of Internal Wave Propagation under Two Surface-Boundary Conditions in Continuously Density-Stratified Oceans H. Zhang et al. 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-22-00058.1
- Solitary Waves Impinging on an Isolated Tropical Reef: Arrival Patterns and Wave Transformation Under Shoaling S. Ramp et al. 10.1029/2021JC017781
- An interesting oddity in the theory of large amplitude internal solitary waves M. Stastna & K. Lamb 10.2205/2020ES000731
- On the formulation and implementation of the stress-free boundary condition over deformed bathymetry using a spectral-element-method-based incompressible Navier–Stokes equations solver T. Diamantopoulos et al. 10.1016/j.ocemod.2021.101834
- Observations of nonlinear internal waves at a persistent coastal upwelling front R. Walter et al. 10.1016/j.csr.2016.02.007
- Oceanic Frontogenesis J. McWilliams 10.1146/annurev-marine-032320-120725
- Spatial and temporal variability in mode-1 and mode-2 internal solitary waves from MODIS-Terra sun glint off the Amazon shelf C. de Macedo et al. 10.5194/os-19-1357-2023
- Internal solitary waves enhancing turbulent mixing in the bottom boundary layer of continental slope C. Bian et al. 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2022.103805
- Seabed Dynamic Responses Induced by Nonlinear Internal Waves: New Insights and Future Directions T. Chen et al. 10.3390/jmse11020395
- Generation of internal solitary waves by the Mackenzie River plume in the coastal Arctic Ocean W. Min et al. 10.1016/j.dsr.2023.104229
- The contrast in suspended particle dynamics at surface and near bottom on the river-dominated northern South China Sea shelf in summer: implication on physics and biogeochemistry coupling J. Lee et al. 10.3389/fmars.2023.1156915
- Comparative analysis of the first baroclinic Rossby radius in the Baltic, Black, Okhotsk, and Mediterranean seas A. Kurkin et al. 10.2205/2020ES000737
- Observations of Breaking Internal Tides on the Australian North West Shelf Edge G. Lauton et al. 10.3389/fmars.2021.629372
- Simulations of shoaling large-amplitude internal waves: perspectives and outlook M. Stastna & S. Legare 10.1017/flo.2024.9
- Numerical Simulations of Internal Solitary Wave Evolution Beneath an Ice Keel P. Zhang et al. 10.1029/2020JC017068
- Transformation of mode-2 internal solitary wave over a pseudo slope-shelf M. Cheng et al. 10.1063/1.5000972
- Wave generation through the interaction of a mode-2 internal solitary wave and a broad, isolated ridge D. Deepwell et al. 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.4.094802
- Combined effects of topography and bottom friction on shoaling internal solitary waves in the South China Sea D. Tan et al. 10.1007/s10483-019-2465-8
- Evolution of internal solitary waves on the slope-shelf topography in the northern South China Sea S. Wang et al. 10.1007/s10236-020-01357-5
- Fission of Shoaling Internal Waves on the Northeastern Shelf of the South China Sea X. Bai et al. 10.1029/2018JC014437
- Observations of shoaling internal wave transformation over a gentle slope in the South China Sea S. Ramp et al. 10.5194/npg-29-279-2022
- Generation of mode 2 internal waves by the interaction of mode 1 waves with topography Z. Liu et al. 10.1017/jfm.2019.679
- Impacts of a Mesoscale Eddy Pair on Internal Solitary Waves in the Northern South China Sea revealed by Mooring Array Observations X. Huang et al. 10.1175/JPO-D-16-0111.1
- Internal Solitary Wave Reflection Near Dongsha Atoll, the South China Sea X. Bai et al. 10.1002/2017JC012880
- Three-dimensional perspective on a convective instability and transition to turbulence in an internal solitary wave of depression shoaling over gentle slopes G. Rivera-Rosario et al. 10.1007/s10652-022-09844-7
- Effects of initial amplitude and pycnocline thickness on the evolution of mode-2 internal solitary waves M. Cheng et al. 10.1063/1.5020093
- Investigation of internal wave wakes generated by a submerged body in a stratified flow J. Chai et al. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.112840
47 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Experimental investigation of elevation internal solitary wave propagation over a ridge H. Du et al. 10.1063/5.0046407
- Interactions Between Internal Solitary Waves and Sea Ice S. Hartharn‐Evans et al. 10.1029/2023JC020175
- Simulations and observation of nonlinear internal waves on the continental shelf: Korteweg–de Vries and extended Korteweg–de Vries solutions K. O'Driscoll & M. Levine 10.5194/os-13-749-2017
- Effect of Plateau Length on the Transformation of Internal Solitary Waves M. Cheng et al. 10.7763/IJET.2017.V9.951
- Formation of Recirculating Cores in Convectively Breaking Internal Solitary Waves of Depression Shoaling over Gentle Slopes in the South China Sea G. Rivera-Rosario et al. 10.1175/JPO-D-19-0036.1
- SAR Observation of Eddy-Induced Mode-2 Internal Solitary Waves in the South China Sea D. Dong et al. 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2587752
- Numerical Simulations of Cross-boundary Layer Transport by Head-on Internal Solitary Wave Collisions M. Stastna et al. 10.1007/s42286-022-00064-6
- Shear instability in mode-2 internal Kelvin waves M. Stastna et al. 10.1007/s10652-022-09895-w
- Internal Bore Evolution across the Shelf near Pt. Sal, California, Interpreted as a Gravity Current M. Spydell et al. 10.1175/JPO-D-21-0095.1
- Bolus formation from fission of nonlinear internal waves over a mild slope A. Ghassemi et al. 10.1017/jfm.2021.1033
- Latitudinal Structure of Solitons in the South China Sea S. Ramp et al. 10.1175/JPO-D-18-0071.1
- Resonant coupling of mode-1 and mode-2 internal waves by topography Z. Liu et al. 10.1017/jfm.2020.829
- Generation of second-mode internal solitary waves during winter in the northern South China Sea J. Liang & X. Li 10.1007/s10236-019-01246-6
- Instability and cross-boundary-layer transport by shoaling internal waves over realistic slopes C. Xu & M. Stastna 10.1017/jfm.2020.389
- Generation of mode-2 internal waves in a two-dimensional stratification by a mode-1 internal wave J. Liang et al. 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2018.09.014
- Effects of Stratification on Shoaling Internal Tidal Bores D. Dauhajre et al. 10.1175/JPO-D-21-0107.1
- Experimental investigation of propagation evolution characteristics of internal solitary waves passing through downslope topography L. Zou et al. 10.1063/5.0188002
- Observations of Shoaling Nonlinear Internal Bores across the Central California Inner Shelf J. McSweeney et al. 10.1175/JPO-D-19-0125.1
- Bumpy Topographic Effects on the Transbasin Evolution of Large‐Amplitude Internal Solitary Wave in the Northern South China Sea J. Xie et al. 10.1029/2018JC014837
- Mooring observed mode-2 internal solitary waves in the northern South China Sea L. Chen et al. 10.1007/s13131-020-1667-0
- Comparison of the Characteristics of Internal Wave Propagation under Two Surface-Boundary Conditions in Continuously Density-Stratified Oceans H. Zhang et al. 10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-22-00058.1
- Solitary Waves Impinging on an Isolated Tropical Reef: Arrival Patterns and Wave Transformation Under Shoaling S. Ramp et al. 10.1029/2021JC017781
- An interesting oddity in the theory of large amplitude internal solitary waves M. Stastna & K. Lamb 10.2205/2020ES000731
- On the formulation and implementation of the stress-free boundary condition over deformed bathymetry using a spectral-element-method-based incompressible Navier–Stokes equations solver T. Diamantopoulos et al. 10.1016/j.ocemod.2021.101834
- Observations of nonlinear internal waves at a persistent coastal upwelling front R. Walter et al. 10.1016/j.csr.2016.02.007
- Oceanic Frontogenesis J. McWilliams 10.1146/annurev-marine-032320-120725
- Spatial and temporal variability in mode-1 and mode-2 internal solitary waves from MODIS-Terra sun glint off the Amazon shelf C. de Macedo et al. 10.5194/os-19-1357-2023
- Internal solitary waves enhancing turbulent mixing in the bottom boundary layer of continental slope C. Bian et al. 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2022.103805
- Seabed Dynamic Responses Induced by Nonlinear Internal Waves: New Insights and Future Directions T. Chen et al. 10.3390/jmse11020395
- Generation of internal solitary waves by the Mackenzie River plume in the coastal Arctic Ocean W. Min et al. 10.1016/j.dsr.2023.104229
- The contrast in suspended particle dynamics at surface and near bottom on the river-dominated northern South China Sea shelf in summer: implication on physics and biogeochemistry coupling J. Lee et al. 10.3389/fmars.2023.1156915
- Comparative analysis of the first baroclinic Rossby radius in the Baltic, Black, Okhotsk, and Mediterranean seas A. Kurkin et al. 10.2205/2020ES000737
- Observations of Breaking Internal Tides on the Australian North West Shelf Edge G. Lauton et al. 10.3389/fmars.2021.629372
- Simulations of shoaling large-amplitude internal waves: perspectives and outlook M. Stastna & S. Legare 10.1017/flo.2024.9
- Numerical Simulations of Internal Solitary Wave Evolution Beneath an Ice Keel P. Zhang et al. 10.1029/2020JC017068
- Transformation of mode-2 internal solitary wave over a pseudo slope-shelf M. Cheng et al. 10.1063/1.5000972
- Wave generation through the interaction of a mode-2 internal solitary wave and a broad, isolated ridge D. Deepwell et al. 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.4.094802
- Combined effects of topography and bottom friction on shoaling internal solitary waves in the South China Sea D. Tan et al. 10.1007/s10483-019-2465-8
- Evolution of internal solitary waves on the slope-shelf topography in the northern South China Sea S. Wang et al. 10.1007/s10236-020-01357-5
- Fission of Shoaling Internal Waves on the Northeastern Shelf of the South China Sea X. Bai et al. 10.1029/2018JC014437
- Observations of shoaling internal wave transformation over a gentle slope in the South China Sea S. Ramp et al. 10.5194/npg-29-279-2022
- Generation of mode 2 internal waves by the interaction of mode 1 waves with topography Z. Liu et al. 10.1017/jfm.2019.679
- Impacts of a Mesoscale Eddy Pair on Internal Solitary Waves in the Northern South China Sea revealed by Mooring Array Observations X. Huang et al. 10.1175/JPO-D-16-0111.1
- Internal Solitary Wave Reflection Near Dongsha Atoll, the South China Sea X. Bai et al. 10.1002/2017JC012880
- Three-dimensional perspective on a convective instability and transition to turbulence in an internal solitary wave of depression shoaling over gentle slopes G. Rivera-Rosario et al. 10.1007/s10652-022-09844-7
- Effects of initial amplitude and pycnocline thickness on the evolution of mode-2 internal solitary waves M. Cheng et al. 10.1063/1.5020093
- Investigation of internal wave wakes generated by a submerged body in a stratified flow J. Chai et al. 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.112840
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 13 Dec 2024
Short summary
Two-dimensional numerical simulations of the shoaling of an internal solitary wave (ISW) in the South China Sea have been undertaken. Peak amplitudes are attained at depths of 250 and 600m. Horizontal resolutions of 50m are required to simulate the formation of a pedestal in shallow water behind the shoaling wave. At a depth of 200m, waves can exceed maximum ISW amplitudes by 50%. Sensitivity to the bathymetry and stratification and the effects of rotation are considered.
Two-dimensional numerical simulations of the shoaling of an internal solitary wave (ISW) in the...
