<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">NPG</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">NPG</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Nonlin. Processes Geophys.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1607-7946</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/npg-14-811-2007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Statistical measures of distribution patterns of silicon and calcium in marine sedimentary layers</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Bube</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Klenke</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Freund</surname>
<given-names>J. A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Feudel</surname>
<given-names>U.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>10</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<issue>6</issue>
<fpage>811</fpage>
<lpage>821</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 2007 K. Bube et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2007</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Generic License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://npg.copernicus.org/articles/14/811/2007/npg-14-811-2007.html">This article is available from https://npg.copernicus.org/articles/14/811/2007/npg-14-811-2007.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://npg.copernicus.org/articles/14/811/2007/npg-14-811-2007.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://npg.copernicus.org/articles/14/811/2007/npg-14-811-2007.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>We analyze electron microscope X-ray spectroscopy data of recent supratidal
  marine sediments. Statistical measures are used to characterize the
  distribution of silicon and calcium in different layers of the sediments. We
  also use cluster analysis and symbolic dynamics to filter measurement noise
  and to classify different density regions. This allows to calculate
  characteristic patch sizes which reflect the sizes of individual clastic
  grains and the corresponding pore sizes. Silicon indicates the independent
  processes in the sedimentation history of certain grains. Calcium is
  capable to monitor intrinsic early diagenetic processes of
  biogeochemical calcium mineralization of primary organic matter as
  documented in more organized distributions with higher clustering.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="11"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
<ref-list>
<title>References</title>
<ref id="ref1">
<label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Allain, C. and Cloitre, M.: Characterizing the lacunarity of random and deterministic fractal sets, Phys. Rev. A, 44, 3552&amp;ndash;3558, 1991. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref2">
<label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Anguy, Y., Ehrlich, R., Ahmadi, A., and Quintard, M.: On the ability of a class of random models to portray the structural features of real, observed, porous media in relation to fluid flow, Cement and Concrete Composites, 23, 313&amp;ndash;330, 2001. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref3">
<label>3</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Block, A., von Bloh, W., Klenke, T., and Schellnhuber, H J.: Multifractal Analysis of the Microdistribution of Elements in Sedimentary Structures Using Images From Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X Ray Spectroscopy, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 223&amp;ndash;230, 1991. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref4">
<label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Bube, K., Klenke, T., and Feudel, U.: An algorithm for detecting layer boundaries in sediments, Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 13, 661&amp;ndash;669, 2006. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref5">
<label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Gerdes, G., Krumbein, W E., and Reineck, H.-E.: The depositional record of sandy, versicolored tidal flats (Mellum island, southern North Sea), J. Sediment. Petrol., 55, 265&amp;ndash;278, 1985. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref6">
<label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Green, D. and Swets, J.: Signal detection theory and psychophysics, Wiley, New York, 1966. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref7">
<label>7</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Hao, B.-L.: Symbolic dynamics and characterization of complexity, Physica D, 51, 161&amp;ndash;176, 1991. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref8">
<label>8</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Hartigan, J.: Clustering Algorithms, Wiley, New York, 1975. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref9">
<label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Hartigan, J. and Wong, M.: A $K$-Means Clustering Algorithm, Appl. Statist., 28, 100&amp;ndash;108, 1979. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref10">
<label>10</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Haussels, R., Klenke, T., Kropp, J., and Ebenhöh, W.: Observations on the influence of pore space geometry on concentration patterns and transportation properties of dissolved oxygen in a bioactive sandy sediment by a lattice Boltzmann automaton model, Hydrol. Proc., 15, 81&amp;ndash;96, 2001. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref11">
<label>11</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Kropp, J., Block, A., von Bloh, W., Klenke, T., and Schellnhuber, H.: Multifractal characterization of microbially induced calcite formation in recent tidal flat sediments, Sediment. Geol., 109, 37&amp;ndash;52, 1997. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref12">
<label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Kullback, S. and Leibler, R.: On Information and Sufficiency, Annals of Math.\ Stat., 22, 79&amp;ndash;86, 1951. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref13">
<label>13</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Kurths, J., Schwarz, U., Witt, A., Krampe, R., and Abel, M.: Measures of Complexity in Signal Analysis, in: Chaotic, Fractal and Nonlinear Signal Processing, edited by: Katz, R., American Institute of Physics Conference Proceedings, vol. 375, pp. 33&amp;ndash;54, New York, 1996. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref14">
<label>14</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Laplace, P.: A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities, Dover, New York, 1819. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref15">
<label>15</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Mandelbrot, B.: The Fractal Geometry of Nature, Freeman, New York, 1983. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref16">
<label>16</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Morford, J., Kalnejais, L., Martin, W., Francois, R., and Karle, I.: Sampling marine pore waters for Mn, Fe, U, Re and Mo: Modifications on diffusional equilibration thin film gel probes, J. Exper. Mar. Biol. and Ecol., 285/286, 85&amp;ndash;103, 2003. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref17">
<label>17</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Ott, E.: Chaos in dynamical systems, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref18">
<label>18</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Papoulis, A.: Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1984. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref19">
<label>19</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Pettijohn, F. and Potter, P.: Atlas and glossary of primary sedimentary structures, Springer, Berlin, 1964. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref20">
<label>20</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Plotnick, R., Gardner, R., Hargrove, W., Prestegaard, K., and Perlmutter, M.: Lacunarity analysis: A general technique for the analysis of spatial patterns, Phys. Rev. E, 53, 5461&amp;ndash;5468, 1996. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref21">
<label>21</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Tucker, M.: Sedimentary Petrology, Blackwell, 2001. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="ref22">
<label>22</label><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xlink:type="simple"> Visscher, P., Reid, R., and Bebout, B.: Microscale observation of sulfate reduction: Correlation of microbial activity and lithified micritic laminae in modern marine stromatolithes, Geology, 28, 919&amp;ndash;922, 2000. </mixed-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>