NPG Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics NPG Nonlin. Processes Geophys. 1607-7946 Copernicus Publications Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/npg-11-67-2004 Passive tracer patchiness and particle trajectory stability in incompressible two-dimensional flows Beron-Vera F. J. 1 Olascoaga M. J. 1 Brown M. G. 1 RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA 25 02 2004 11 1 67 74 Copyright: © 2004 F. J. Beron-Vera et al. 2004 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Generic License. To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ This article is available from https://npg.copernicus.org/articles/11/67/2004/npg-11-67-2004.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://npg.copernicus.org/articles/11/67/2004/npg-11-67-2004.pdf

Particle motion is considered in incompressible two-dimensional flows consisting of a steady background gyre on which an unsteady wave-like perturbation is superimposed. A dynamical systems point of view that exploits the action-angle formalism is adopted. It is argued and demonstrated numerically that for a large class of problems one expects to observe a mixed phase space, i.e. the occurrence of "regular islands" in an otherwise "chaotic sea". This leads to patchiness in the evolution of passive tracer distributions. Also, it is argued and demonstrated numerically that particle trajectory stability is largely controlled by the background flow: trajectory instability, quantified by various measures of the "degree of chaos", increases on average with increasing <!-- MATH $\left|\mathrm{d}\omega/\mathrm{d}I\right|$ --> <IMG WIDTH="56" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0" src="npg-11-67-img1.gif" ALT="$leftvertmathrm{d}omega/mathrm{d}Irightvert$">, where <IMG WIDTH="34" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0" src="npg-11-67-img2.gif" ALT="$omega (I)$"> is the angular frequency of the trajectory in the background flow and <i>I</i> is the action.