<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/nlm-dtd/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">NPG</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">NPG</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Nonlin. Processes Geophys.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1607-7946</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/npg-1-219-1994</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>On the possibility of wave-induced chaos in a sheared, stably stratified fluid layer</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zimmermann</surname>
<given-names>W. B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Velarde</surname>
<given-names>M. G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Department of Chemical Engineering, UMIST, Sackville Street, PO Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD, England</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense, Paseo Juan XXIII, No. 1, Madrid 28040, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>31</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>1994</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>1</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>219</fpage>
<lpage>223</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: &#x000a9; 1994 W. B. Zimmermann</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>1994</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Generic License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri"  xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://npg.copernicus.org/articles/1/219/1994/npg-1-219-1994.html">This article is available from https://npg.copernicus.org/articles/1/219/1994/npg-1-219-1994.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="https://npg.copernicus.org/articles/1/219/1994/npg-1-219-1994.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://npg.copernicus.org/articles/1/219/1994/npg-1-219-1994.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Shear flow in a stable stratification provides a waveguide for
internal gravity waves. In the inviscid approximation, internal gravity waves are known to
be unstable below a threshold in Richardson number. However, in a viscous fluid, at low
enough Reynolds number, this threshold recedes to Ri = 0. Nevertheless, even the slightest
viscosity strongly damps internal gravity waves when the Richardson number is small (shear
forces dominate buoyant forces). In this paper we address the dynamics that approximately
govern wave propagation when the Richardson number is small and the fluid is viscous. When
Ri &amp;lt;&amp;lt; 1, to a first approximation, the transport equations for thermal energy and momentum decouple. Thus, a large amplitude temperature wave 
then has little effect on the fluid velocity. 
Under such conditions in the atmosphere, a small amplitude &quot;turbulent burst&quot; is observed, transporting momentum rapidly and seemingly randomly. 
A regular perturbation scheme from a base state of a passing temperature wave and no velocity disturbance is developed here. 
Small thermal energy convection-momentum transport coupling is taken into account. The elements of forcing, wave dispersion, (turbulent) 
dissipation under strong shearing, and weak nonlinearity lead to this dynamical equation for the amplitude A of the turbulent burst in velocity:

A&lt;sub&gt;ξ&lt;/sub&gt; = &lt;i&gt;λ&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;A + &lt;i&gt;λ&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;A&lt;sub&gt;ξξ&lt;/sub&gt; + &lt;i&gt;λ&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;A&lt;sub&gt;ξξξ&lt;/sub&gt; + &lt;i&gt;λ&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;AA&lt;sub&gt;ξ&lt;/sub&gt; + b(ξ)

where ξ is the coordinate of the rest frame of the passing temperature wave whose horizontal profile is b(ξ). The parameters &lt;i&gt;λ&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; are constants that depend on the Reynolds number. 
The above dynamical system is know to have limit cycle and chaotic attrators when forcing is sinusoidal and wave attenuation negligible.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="5"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
</back>
</article>